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Penguins
Grade 3
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Rocks and Soil: Two Resources

Soil is a mixture of decayed plant and animal materials, minerals, and small particles. Worms, insects, and roots growing in the soil create spaces for water and . Usually, there are two layers of soil. The top layer, which has water and minerals for plant growth, is called . Below the topsoil is a layer of soil called . Beneath this is solid .