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Canyon
Grade 4
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Shaping Earth’s Surface

Earth’s surface is affected by many types of . Pounding grind rocks and shells into sand. Gravity can cause , which occur when rocks are shaken free by heavy rain or earthquakes. After a heavy rain, when the soil is soaked, can result. Running causes the greatest changes to Earth. The flow of rainwater picks up particles of and . These particles can cut a in the bedrock. The particles picked up by running water are eventually placed far from the original location changing Earth’s .