McGraw-Hill SocialStudies 2003 Return to Unit List
Grade 4
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Unit 4: The Middle West
Chapter 7: Environment of the Middle West
Lesson 3: Into the Hills
 
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Mount Rushmore

In 1927, sculptor Gutzon Borglum began work on . It shows United States Presidents George Washington, , Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. Calvin Coolidge was President of the United States when the project began. That is not the only impressive in the area. About 17 miles from Mount Rushmore, a memorial is being created to honor Crazy Horse, who led the people. It is also being carved out of a mountain in the Black Hills. When finished it will stand almost 600 feet tall.

Mining for Metal

is an important product made in the Middle West. Steel is made from a metal called iron. During the middle 1800s, huge deposits of iron ore were discovered in the Middle West. is a rock that contains a metal, such as iron. , Minnesota, became a major port for shipping iron ore. The ore was delivered to large cities such as Detroit, Michigan. Much of the iron ore in the Mesabi was close to the surface. So miners used open-pit mining, sometimes called . Most of the Middle West's high-grade iron ore has been mined. Miners now look for . This is a flint-like rock that contains smaller iron minerals. In the past "stripped" areas were often abandoned. Today the law requires miners to restore the land. This is called .

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